Blood pressure is the measure of the force of bloodpushing against blood vessel walls. The heart pumps blood into the arteries (blood vessels), which carry the blood throughout the body.
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is dangerous because it makes the heart work harder to pump blood out to the body and contributes to hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, to stroke, kidney disease, and to the development of heart failure.
A blood pressure reading has a top number (systolic) and bottom number (diastolic). The ranges are:
* Normal: Less than 120 over 80 (120/80)
* Prehypertension: 120-139 over 80-89
* Stage 1 high blood pressure: 140-159 over 90-99
* Stage 2 high blood pressure: 160 and above over 100 and above
* High blood pressure in people over age 60: 150 and above over 90 and above
The exact causes of high blood pressure are not known, but several factors and conditions may play a role in its development, including:
* Smoking
* Being overweight or obese
* Lack of physical activity
* Too much salt in the diet
* Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day)
* Stress
* Older age
* Genetics
* Family history of high blood pressure
* Chronic kidney disease
* Adrenal and thyroid disorders
* Sleep apnea
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